Operator # And

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Operator --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ## Description Used to perform a logical comparison of two `boolean` expressions And a bitwise And comparison of two `integer` expressions. ## Usage ``` xojo result = expression1 And expression2 ``` | Part | Description | |-------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | result | A `Boolean` if *expression1* and *expression2* are booleans; an `integer` if *expression1* and *expression2* are integers. | | expression1 | Any valid `boolean` or `integer` expression. The data types of *expression1* and *expression2* must match. | | expression2 | Any valid `boolean` or `integer` expression. The data types of *expression1* and *expression2* must match. | ## Notes The And operator is overloaded. You can pass either two `booleans` or two `integers`. If you pass two booleans, And performs a logical And operation And returns a `boolean`. If you pass two integers, it performs a bitwise And operation And returns an `integer`. In this case, it is equivalent to calling the BitAnd method of the `Bitwise` class. In the first instance, if both `boolean` expressions evaluate to `True`, then result is `True`. If either expression evaluates to `False` then result is `False`. The truth table for logical operators is shown below. | Expression1 | Expression2 | And | `Or` | `Xor` | |-------------|-------------|-------|--------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------| | True | True | True | True | False | | True | False | False | True | True | | False | True | False | True | True | | False | False | False | False | False | If you pass two `integers`, And returns an `integer` that is the result of comparing each bit of the two `integers` And assigning 1 to the bit position in the `integer` returned if both bits in the same position in the `integers` passed are 1. Otherwise, 0 is assigned to the bit position. The following table gives the results for bitwise operators. | Integer1 | Integer2 | And | `Or` | `Xor` | |----------|----------|-----|--------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------| | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | The `Operator And` function can be used to define the And operator for classes. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### Use within if statements When used within an If..Then statement, once the first expression results to `False`, none of the subsequent expressions are evaluated. In this example, the IsValid method is not called because the first expression is `False`. This is referred to as short-circuit evaluation: ``` xojo Var b As Boolean = False If b And IsValid("value") Then ' IsValid does not get called ... End If ``` ## Sample code This example uses the And operator to perform logical comparisons. ``` xojo Var a As Boolean Var b As Boolean Var c As Boolean ' defaults to False Var d As Boolean ' defaults to False a = True b = True d = a And b ' Returns True d = a And c ' Returns False ``` --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Using And with Integer values: ``` xojo Var i1 As Integer = 4 Var i2 As Integer = 5 Var result As Integer result = i1 And i2 ' result = 4 ``` ## Compatibility | | | |-----------------------|-----| | **Project Types** | All | | **Operating Systems** | All |

`Not`, `Or`, `Xor` operators; `Bitwise` class; `Operator And` function; `Operator precedence`